Diplodus prayensis, the two-banded seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is endemic to the Cape Verde Islands.

Taxonomy Diplodus prayensis was first formally described in 1964 by the French ichthyologist Jean Cadenat with its type locality given as the port of Praia on Santiago in Cape Verde. This species is most closely related to the common two-banded seabream (D. vulgaris). The genus Diplodus is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World. Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae, but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.

Etymology Diplodua prayensis has the specific name prayensis, this suffixes the placename Praia, the capital of Cape Verde and the type locality, with ensis meaning "of".

Description Diplodus prayensis has an oval shaped, compressed body with a slightly protrusible mouth which has moderately fleshy lips. There are 8 brown coloured incisor-like teeth in the front of both the upper and lower jaw with 3 or 4 rows of smaller molar-like teeth set out in a horseshoe pattern behind them and 4 larger molar-like teeth on the sides of the jaws. The dorsal fin is supported by 12 spines and between 13 and 15 soft rays, while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 12 or 13 soft rays.